Assessment is a systematic process of gathering information about what a student knows, is able to do, and is learning to do. Assessment information provides the foundation for decision-making and planning for instruction and learning. Assessment is an integral part of instruction that enhances, empowers, and celebrates student learning.

Diagnostic Assessment

             May occur at the beginning of a term or a unit of study, or whenever information about the prior learning of a student is useful. Various types of diagnostic assessments (tests, journals, performance-based assessment, etc.) may be used to collect that information. Teachers may use diagnostic assessment to:

• Find out what students know and can do 
• Identify student strengths and plan instruction which builds on and extends those strengths
• Target difficulties, identify the precise nature of them, and plan instruction to meet those difficulties
• Make informed decisions regarding where to focus instructional time and effort
  

Formative Assessment 

            It is similar to diagnostic assessment but differs in that it provides ongoing feedback to the teacher about the effectiveness of instruction. Formative assessment encompasses a variety of strategies, used selectively to accomplish one or more of the following purposes:

• Monitor student learning and provide feedback to students and parents 
• Identify areas of growth 
• Motivate students and provide incentive to study
• help focus attention and effort 
• Emphasize what is important to learn 
• Provide practice in applying, demonstrating, and extending knowledge, skills, and attitudes
• encourage goal-setting and monitor achievement of goals 
• Reflect on program structure and effectiveness, and modify or adjust teaching as necessary

Summative Assessment 

         It occurs most often at the end of a unit of study. The primary purposes are to determine the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that have developed over a period of time, to summarize student progress.

SOURCE:

http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/languages/spanish/s1tos4_found/assessment.pdf

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